SQL GROUP BY 语句

GROUP BY 语句用于结合 Aggregate 函数，根据一个或多个列对结果集进行分组。

## 语法

```sql
SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value
GROUP BY column_name;
```

## 实例

### 演示数据库

在本教程中，我们将使用众所周知的 Northwind 样本数据库。

下面是选自 "Orders" 表的数据：

| OrderID | CustomerID | EmployeeID | OrderDate | ShipperID |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10248 | 90 | 5 | 1996-07-04 | 3 |
| 10249 | 81 | 6 | 1996-07-05 | 1 |
| 10250 | 34 | 4 | 1996-07-08 | 2 |

选自 "Shippers" 表的数据：

| ShipperID | ShipperName | Phone |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Speedy Express | (503) 555-9831 |
| 2 | United Package | (503) 555-3199 |
| 3 | Federal Shipping | (503) 555-9931 |

选自 "Employees" 表的数据：

| EmployeeID | LastName | FirstName | BirthDate | Photo | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Davolio | Nancy | 1968-12-08 | EmpID1.pic | Education includes a BA.... |
| 2 | Fuller | Andrew | 1952-02-19 | EmpID2.pic | Andrew received his BTS.... |
| 3 | Leverling | Janet | 1963-08-30 | EmpID3.pic | Janet has a BS degree.... |

现在我们想要查找每个送货员配送的订单数目。

下面的 SQL 语句按送货员进行订单分类统计：

```sql
SELECT Shippers.ShipperName,COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOrders FROM
Orders
LEFT JOIN Shippers
ON Orders.ShipperID=Shippers.ShipperID
GROUP BY ShipperName;
```

### GROUP BY 一个以上的列

我们也可以对一个以上的列应用 GROUP BY 语句，如下所示：

```sql
SELECT Shippers.ShipperName, Employees.LastName,
COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS
NumberOfOrders
FROM ((Orders
INNER JOIN Shippers
ON
Orders.ShipperID=Shippers.ShipperID)
INNER JOIN Employees
ON
Orders.EmployeeID=Employees.EmployeeID)
GROUP BY ShipperName,LastName;
```